第五节 形容词与副词(4-1~5-2)

大纲要求：

形容词与副词掌握比较级的构成及其用法。

一、形容词在句子中的作用

1、形容词在句子中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语。

A good boy must behave himself. 好孩子应当行为规矩。(定语)

I like this red dress very much.(定语)

She is beautiful. (表语)

The patient is asleep. (表语)

Who has got the window open? (宾语补足语)

I've got everything ready for the class. (宾语补足语)

I said it would happen, and sure enough it did happen.(独立成分)

2、大多数形容词既可作定语又可作表语，但有少数形容词只能作表语。

This is a red dress. The dress is red.

alike, afraid, alone, asleep, awake, aware, alive, ashamed, unable, content.

二、副词在句子中的作用

副词在句子中主要作状语，可以修饰动词、形容词、副词，有时修饰整个句子。

Unfortunately, he wasn't at home when I came. (修饰整个句子)

Luckily, she wasn't injured in the accident.(修饰整个句子)

Her pronunciation is very good.(修饰形容词)

I have been extremely busy these days.(修饰形容词)

I can hardly agree with you.(修饰动词)

He works terribly (quite) hard. (修饰副词)

三、形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成

1.单音节词和少数双音节词(如以y结尾的)在词尾加-er , -est.

如：small, smaller, smallest; great, greater, greatest; clever, cleverer, cleverest; quiet, quieter, quietest ; common, commoner, commonest; narrow, narrower, narrowest。

2、以e结尾的词加-r , -st 。

如：larger, larger , largest ; simple, simpler , simplest ; polite, politer , politest; brave, braver, bravest; fine, finer, finest。

3、以"辅音字母+y"结尾的词，变y为i 再加-er , -est 。

如：busy，busier, busiest; heavy，heavier, heaviest; happy，happier, happiest.

4、以一个辅音字母结尾的词，双写该辅音字母，再加-er, -est 。(一个辅音字母结尾;重读闭音节)

如：big，bigger, biggest; thin，thinner, thinnest; hot，hotter, hottest。

双音节词，多音节词比较级和最高级在词前加more, most。

如：difficult, more difficult, most difficult, interesting, more interesting, most interesting; useful, more useful, most useful。

特殊的比较级和最高级